indianeducation.com

Education Pattern In India

Present

Students giving exams

Former president A.P.J Abdul Kalam  interacctng
with the children during the Lead India 2020 program
at GMC balayogi stadium, Gachlibowli, in
Hyderabad on friday

The present educational system of India is an implantation of British rulers. Wood's Dispatch of 1854 laid the foundation of present system of education in India. Before the advent of British in India, education system was private one.  British government started giving funds to indigenous schools in need of help and thus slowly some of the schools became government-aided. Many private schools have opened now. Government have taken many steps like compulsory elementary  education for children between 6 to 14 years. There are many types of board like C.B.S.E, G.S.E.B, I.C.S.E, G.S.E.B, etc. and some of them provide opportunities for the students to go abroad for learning tours and competitions. 

students at assembly in school

Our government also have taken many steps and introduced many schemes like SARVA SIKSHA ABHIYAN which is significant step towards providing elementary education to children mainly from less prosperous segments of the society. Many bridge courses and back to school camps are also introduced to increase enrollment in education. 

One of our former President A.P.J. Kalam lied stress on 'CREATIVE TEACHING' .

LEAD INDIA CAMPAIGN

What would you like to be remembered for? This was the question put forward by former the President to the schoolchildren. He was addressing them during the launch of the State-wide Lead India 2020 training programme at GMC Balayogi Stadium, Gachibowli.

Dr. Kalam advised the children to write their response for this question and mail them to apj@abdulkalam.com.

Assuring them that he will respond to their mails personally, he said that these responses could be one of the most important documents in the human history.

President  APJ Abdul Kalam with students .

Lauding the Lead India programme, Dr. Kalam said it will develop the moral leadership qualities among the youth by creating a right disposition towards doing right things.

“It is not enough to be a good student, every child should strive to become a good citizen and become partners in the development of the national,” he said.

Civil Supplies minister D. Sridhar Babu said that by the year 2020 youth will be about 70 per cent of the total population and programmes like this will imbibe moral values in them. Lead India 2020 Training campaign aims to train about one crore students in the State in personality development.

Primary education

The Indian government lays emphasis to present education up to the age of fourteen years (referred to as Elementary Education in India.) The Indian government has also banned child labour in order to ensure that the children do not enter unsafe working conditions. However, both free education and the  ban on child labour are difficult to enforce due to economic disparity and social conditions.

 80% of all recognized schools at the Elementary Stage are government run or supported, making it the largest provider of education in the Country. However, due to shortage of resources and lack of political will, this system suffers from massive gaps including high pupil to teacher ratios, shortage of infrastructure and poor levels of teacher training. Education has also been made free for children for 6 to 14 years of age or up to class VIII under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009.

Private education

School wall of a Private School in India.According to current estimates, 80% of all schools are government schools making the government the major provider of education. However, because of poor quality of public education, 27% of Indian children are privately educated. With more than 50% children enrolling in private schools in urban areas, the balance has already tilted towards private schooling in cities; even in rural areas, nearly 20% of the children in 2004-5 were enrolled in private schools.

 According to some research, private schools often provide superior results at a multiple of the unit cost of government schools. However, others have suggested that private schools fail to provide education to the poorest families, a selective being only a fifth of the schools and have in the past ignored Court orders for their regulation.

Home schooling          

In India, from the early 20th century, some educational theorists discussed and implemented radically different forms of education. Rabindranath Tagore's Visva-Bharati University,Sri Aurobindo's Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education and Mahatma Gandhi's ideal of "basic education" are prime examples.

Homeschooling is legal in India, though it is the less explored option. 

The Indian Government's stance on the issue is that parents are free to teach their children at home, if they wish to and have the           means. HRD Minister Kapil Sibal has stated that despite the RTE Act of 2009, if someone decides not to send his/her children to school, the      government would not interfere.

Secondary education

 A significant feature of India's secondary school system is the emphasis on inclusion of the disadvantaged sections of the society. Professionals from established institutes are often called to support in vocational training. Another feature of India's secondary school system is its emphasis on profession based vocational training to help students attain skills for finding a vocation of his/her choosing.

 A significant new feature has been the extension of SSA to secondary education in the form of the Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan

A special Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC) programme was started in 1974 with a focus on primary education

Higher education

India's higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and the United States. The main governing body at the tertiary level is the University Grants Commission (India), which enforces its standards, advises the government, and helps coordinate between the center and the state. Accreditation for higher learning is overseen by 12 autonomous institutions established by the University Grants Commission. In India, education system is reformed. In future, India will be one of the largest education hub.

As of 2009, India has 20 central universities, 215 state universities, 100 deemed universities, 5 institutions established and functioning under the State Act, and 33 institutes which are of national importance. Other institutions include 16000 colleges, including 1800 exclusive women's colleges, functioning under these universities and institutions. The emphasis in the tertiary level of education lies on science and technology. Indian educational institutions by 2004 consisted of a large number of technology institutes. Distance learning is also a feature of the Indian higher education system.

Some institutions of India, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), have been globally acclaimed for their standard of undergraduate education in engineering. The IITs enroll about 10,000 students annually and the alumni have contributed to both the growth of the private sector and the public sectors of India. However the IIT's have not had significant impact on fundamental scientific research and innovation. Several other institutes of fundamental research such as the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science(IACS), Indian Institute of Science IISC), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Harishchandra Research Institute (HRI), are acclaimed for their standard of research in basic sciences and mathematics.
 However, India has failed to produce world class universities both in the private sector or the public sector.

Technical education

The number of graduates coming out of technical colleges increased to over 700,000 in 2011 from 550,000 in FY 2010. However, 75% of technical graduates and more than 85% of general graduates are unemployable by India's high-growth global industries, including information technology and call centers.